The Mississippi Burning :: Civil Rights Racism Equality Essays

The Mississippi BurningMississippi Burning brings awareness to the ways of the Jim shoot a line south. In 1964, three civil rights workers made their way to Neshoba County. Two of the workers were white and the third boy was black. The suspicious disappearance of the men brought the attention of the FBI. Some mickle question whether the FBI only got involved because two of the workers were white. This movie reveals the improper treatment of African Americans at a time when every American citizen was guaranteed equal rights nether the law. some(prenominal) African Americans felt that there was little concern for the African American civil rights worker. The FBI was determined to find out what actually happened to these boys. The local governing said that the men were probably in New York or Canada laughing at all of the commotion they had caused. The racism that African Americans dealt with is very clear end-to-end the entire movie. The town did not feel that it was nece ssary for the FBI to be investigating the mysterious disappearance. They assured the FBI that there was nothing to uncover and only wanted them to deterrent disturbing their peaceful town. The Brown vs. Board of education decision is not evident in Mississippi Burning. African Americans sat in the back of the restaurant, stray from whites. The community was not integrated. There was a specific part of town where the African Americans lived. African Americans and whites did not interact very much. The KKK played a major part in controlling these niggers. When one of the FBI agents talked to a local black boy in public, the boy was brutally assaulted by KKK members. The way that whites treated African American shows how their struggle for freedom still continued. Some of the local law-enforcement were members of the Klan. They played a role in the murdering of the three boys. When the FBI came to town, hostility in the town grew. Many African Americans wished that t he FBI would just leave because they were just causing more problems. African Americans were being beaten, having their houses destroyed, churches burnt down, and some even lynched.

Ascendency Through Knowledge Essay -- Intellectual History, Sociology,

Ascendency through Knowledge saucily Atlantis begins with the apparent utopian society successfully synthesizing scientific endeavor and achievement with Christian theology. This revelation is only half-hearted Bacons true motive is nothing less than the subversion of Christian scholastic belief and replacing it with material wellbeing through scientific scholarship as outlined in Bacons works. Through proper method a contrasting kind of knowledge could be acquired liberating human destiny from divine intervention. Bacons knowledge empowers mankind reducing suffering and improving our wellbeing. Wherefore, as in faith we are warned to show our faith by works, so in philosophy by the same rule the system should be judged by its fruits, and pronounced head-in-the-clouds if it be barren, (New Organon, Bacon, 12) Bacon in the 17th century elevated the measure for knowledge where it must be able to produce useful works separating itself from the past. Intellectual story as a discipl ine and as a agency of thinking more or less the sphere has a history. Ideas and ways of thinking and ways of understanding the world have a history. Considering the history of human achievement whether we are talking about political history, economic history, military history, and gender history nothing compares in raw measure to our living history. This history includes what we think is possible or what is impossible. How we think about the world determines our relationship to it. Human thought has a history, which the way we think in modern times is not the way people have understood it or thought about it. Humanity changes how we think about the natural world, what is out there to be known? What is the stuff of the world? Why things happen? What is good evidence?... ...ist Bacon explains is a wise man or member of Solomons House where after receiving the heavenly manuscripts falls to his knees and remarked, to those of our order to know thy works of creation, and true secre ts of them and to discern, as far as appertaineth to the generations of men. (Bacon, New Atlantis, 67) Bacon outlines knowledge not from deduction from authority but induction from the distinct events in nature. Through patient observation we may form considerate advertent generalizations, where we may test these generalizations always refining and always open to new avenues of experimentation. Bacons Knowledge is verifiable and productive, the New Atlantis was dedicated to human knowledge and with it the scientific progress that empowered humanity this view was in contrast to the scholastic perspective of an unchanging, contemplative universe.

Sport At School Should Not Be Compulsory :: essays research papers

Sport at school should NOT be compulsory. Sports dressing and PE take up time that could be better spend learning other subjects, and PE and Sport are not as important as other subjects like maths, learning etc. It is also my belief that it students should have the right to choose whether or not we do sport/PE, because we are allowed to choose the subjects that are more important, so why are we not allowed to choose whether or not we do sport?Every year in PE, we do the same sports and the same put on drills, so after year 7, there is no point continuing to do PE, because the you are just doing the same things that you have done in former years. 2 periods per bike are spent on PE, 2 periods which could be spent on subjects like foreign languages, which are only allocated 4 periods per cycle or English or Science, which get 5 periods per cycle. These subjects are more important than PE and time the two periods given to PE would be better used if distributed to these subjects.As well(p) as PE, we spent up to 3 hours a week at training and another 3 hours on Saturday for competition. Can you imagine students academic performances if we were to spent 6 hours a week doing homework or study? And it is not only the actual time you are at training that counts, because often, after training you are tired and cannot be bothered to do homework or study, again dragging down our academic results.If sport was optional, then the people fighting(a) in the teams would be the people that wanted to be there, the people who wanted to play and win. But instead, there are people in the teams who are not interested in the sport, not interested in winning and are only there because they have to be. These people drag down the team and crush the sport for those that want to be there.

Essay --

Now Hitler was a self-centered man when it came to power and dividing the work, he was no enquiry a great leader check to me. He would order work and divide work but never did he divide his power.There atomic number 18 numerous attributes of incredible pioneers and Greenberg and Baron (2009) narrate that the first normal for extraordinary pioneer is that he has the yearning to lead and succeed in business. Buchanan (2007) battle that pioneers meet the adaptability which helps them in distinguishing the movements needed in a given circumstance and afterward they can act same(p)wise. The pioneers give birth inspiration full to look for force to get through sought objectives. They are versatile enough to match their style with the requirements of adherents and they can additionally act appropriately according to the interest of circumstance they confront in business sector.Possibility Theories Possibility speculations of leadership concentrate on specific variables identifie d with the environment that may figure out which specific style of leadership is best suit for the circumstances. No leadership style is best in all circumstances. Victory relies on various variables, including the leadership style, characteristics of the supporters and parts of the circumstances. Trademark Theories corresponding in a couple of methodologies to phenomenal Man speculations, trait theories acknowledge that people inherit certain qualities and attributes that realize a recognizable change suited to leadership. Quality speculations customarily distinguish particular proposition character or behavioral properties bestowed by leaders. On the off chance that particular qualities are key attributes of leadership, because how might we show people who have those qualities however are ... ...ties of the Nazi Party all in all, and the political association incorporating his power. Id like to conclude by saying that the pass when analyzing Hitlers ina ugural, it is vital to distinguish your authority model. Do you accept that ethics and correspondence are key elements when creating a hale and compelling pioneer? In perceptivity into the past, it is not difficult to criticize Hitler as a pioneer in light of the torment and damage he distressed on others. Imagine a scenario in which those qualities are corrupt and damaging to numerous gatherings. Hitler was a pioneer, basically because of his positional power and impact on others encompassing his vision. On the other hand, I accept there is a contrast between ethical and indecent pioneers, and when the vision is hindering to different gatherings, the initiative is not a victory. Essay -- Now Hitler was a self-centered man when it came to power and dividing the work, he was no doubt a great leader according to me. He would order work and divide work but never did he divide his power.There are numerous attributes of incredible pioneers and Greenberg and Baron (2009) state that the first normal for extraordinary pioneer is that he has the yearning to lead and succeed in business. Buchanan (2007) battle that pioneers have the adaptability which helps them in distinguishing the movements needed in a given circumstance and afterward they can act likewise. The pioneers have inspiration enough to look for force to accomplish sought objectives. They are versatile enough to match their style with the requirements of adherents and they can additionally act appropriately according to the interest of circumstance they confront in business sector.Possibility Theories Possibility speculations of leadership concentrate on specific variables identified with the environment that may figure out which specific style of leadership is best suited for the circumstances. No leadership style is best in all circumstances. Victory relies on various variables, including the leadership style, characteristics of the supporters and parts of the circumstances. Trademark The ories Comparable in a couple of methodologies to Phenomenal Man speculations, trait theories acknowledge that people inherit certain qualities and attributes that realize a recognizable change suited to leadership. Quality speculations customarily distinguish particular character or behavioral properties bestowed by leaders. On the off chance that particular qualities are key attributes of leadership, then how might we show people who have those qualities however are ... ...ties of the Nazi Party all in all, and the political association incorporating his power. Id like to conclude by saying that the point when analyzing Hitlers initiative, it is vital to distinguish your authority model. Do you accept that ethics and correspondence are key elements when creating a solid and compelling pioneer? In insight into the past, it is not difficult to criticize Hitler as a pioneer in light of the torment and damage he distressed on others. Imagine a scenario in which those qualities are corrupt and damaging to numerous gatherings. Hitler was a pioneer, basically because of his positional power and impact on others encompassing his vision. On the other hand, I accept there is a contrast between ethical and indecent pioneers, and when the vision is hindering to different gatherings, the initiative is not a victory.

Anne Hutchinson :: essays research papers fc

Anne Hutchinson challenged the traditional role of women in the Puritan society through her opposing religious beliefs. Anne Hutchinson was most likely non the first womanhood to have her own thoughts. She was simply the first to act on them. Anne Hutchinson was born on or ab tabu July17, 1591 in Alford, Licolnshire, England. She was the daughter of Reverend Francis Marbury. Rev. Marbury spoke out that many of the ordained ministers in the Church of England were unfit to guide peoples souls. For this act of defiance, he was put in jail for one year. Anne read many of her fathers books on theology and religion. Much of Annes independence and willingness to speak out was due to her fathers example. Anne admired her father for his defiance of traditional church principles. Then in 1612 she married William Hutchinson. unitedly they had 15 children. In 1634 she and her husband moved to Boston. Here Anne began holding informal church meetings in her home discussing the pastors services and also preaching her beliefs to her followers. Threatened by meetings she held in her Boston home, the clergy charged Hutchinson with hersey. An outspoken female in a male hierarchy, Hutchinson had little hope that many would speak in her defense, and she was being well-tried by the General Court. In 1636 she was charged with hersey and banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony. Several years later when she moved to New York she was killed in an Indian attack. Anne challenged the Puritan clergy. She believed that "1.One usher out feel ones redemption and is filled with the spirit of God after conversion. 2.One neednt be learned in the Bible or in the Puritan writers in sight to be saved. 3.The ministers are all under the covenant of works, except John Cotton, who is under the covenant of grace.4. Inner light is the guarantee of salvation.5. All responsibility for salvation is placed on Christ. 6.Every person has the ear of God if only he or she would ask for it, and listen t o the answer. 7.Indian slavery is wrong - people of all cutis colors are of one blood. 8.Sunday shouldnt be set aside as the Lords Day because every day is the Lords day. 9.Christians will have new bodies when they get to heaven.10.Predestination is unfounded.11.Prayers should not be memorized, but inspired by love for God, waiting on Him.12.Holy Spirit dwells within each Christian like a personal union.

Anne Hutchinson :: essays research papers fc

Anne Hutchinson challenged the traditional role of women in the Puritan society through her opposing religious beliefs. Anne Hutchinson was most likely not the first woman to know her own thoughts. She was simply the first to act on them. Anne Hutchinson was born on or about July17, 1591 in Alford, Licolnshire, England. She was the daughter of Reverend Francis Marbury. Rev. Marbury spoke out that many another(prenominal) of the ordained ministers in the Church of England were unfit to guide peoples souls. For this act of defiance, he was put in jail for one year. Anne read many of her fathers books on divinity fudge and religion. Much of Annes independence and willingness to speak out was due to her fathers example. Anne admired her father for his defiance of traditional church principles. Then in 1612 she married William Hutchinson. Together they had 15 children. In 1634 she and her husband moved to Boston. Here Anne began holding informal church meetings in her home discussing the pastors services and also preaching her beliefs to her followers. Threatened by meetings she held in her Boston home, the clergy charged Hutchinson with hersey. An outspoken female in a male hierarchy, Hutchinson had little hope that many would speak in her defense, and she was being tried by the General Court. In 1636 she was charged with hersey and banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony. Several years later when she moved to New York she was killed in an Indian attack. Anne challenged the Puritan clergy. She believed that "1.One can savor ones salvation and is filled with the spirit of God after conversion. 2.One neednt be learned in the Bible or in the Puritan writers in order to be saved. 3.The ministers are all under the covenant of works, except John Cotton, who is under the covenant of grace.4. Inner light is the guarantee of salvation.5. All responsibility for salvation is primed(p) on Christ. 6.Every person has the ear of God if only he or she would ask for it, an d listen to the answer. 7.Indian slavery is wrong - people of all skin colorize are of one blood. 8.Sunday shouldnt be set aside as the Lords Day because every day is the Lords day. 9.Christians will have new bodies when they get to heaven.10.Predestination is unfounded.11.Prayers should not be memorized, but inspired by love for God, waiting on Him.12.Holy Spirit dwells within each Christian like a personal union.

Acct553 Homework Es

1. (TCO A) A imposepayer may litigate a tax difference of opinion without first paying the tax in the(Points 5) U. S. District Court. U. S. Tax Court. U. S. Court of Federal Claims. All of the above 2. (TCO F) A business bad debt is deductible for tax purposes as a(n)(Points 5) ordinary business deduction. short-term capital loss. long-term capital loss. miscellaneous itemized deduction. 3. (TCO I) Under the cash method of tax accounting, tax deductions argon broadly taken when(Points 5) payment is made. the liability arises. there is net income to absorb the expense.None of the above 4. (TCO A) Which of the following constitutes tax evasion? (Points 5) Arranging your affairs to keep your tax liability as low as possible under the tax law Failing to disclose a tax liability from a completed act Trying to maximize profits Trying to minimize your tax liability. 5. (TCO C) Which of the following items is subject to federal income tax? (Points 5) Interest on U. S. Treasury bonds Gambling net income Interest on loans made in the ordinary course of business All of the above 6. (TCO B) surface-to-air missile owes bobfloat $8,000.Bob cancels (forgives) the debt. The cancellation is not a gift, but Sam is insolvent. Which of the following statements is correct concerning the impact of this transaction? (Points 5) Both Bob and Sam recognize $8,000 of taxable income. Bob recognizes $8,000 of taxable income. Sam recognizes $8,000 of taxable income. Neither Bob nor Sam has any taxable income from this transaction. 7. (TCO I) David, a cash basis taxpayer, owns two rental properties. Based on the following information, compute the amount that he must(prenominal) include in his 2012 gross rental income.Property 1, security determine on one-year lease received 2/1/12 All of deposit returned at lease end $1,000 Property 1, payment received 2/1/12 for last month of lease(1/13) $900 Property 1, rental income received in 2012 2/12-12/12 $8,000 Property 2, renta l income received in 2012 1/12-12/12 $9,600 Property 2, security deposit received 1/1/12 to be used for last months rent $800 Property 2, rent 1/13 received 12/28/12 $800(Points 5) $21,100 $19,300 $18,500 $20,100 8. (TCO F) Section 197s intangible assets, such as patents and trademarks, are amortized for tax purposes over (Points 5) years. 15 years. 10 years. 20 years. 9. (TCO E) Explain the constructive receipt doctrine. (Points 17) 10. (TCO G) Answer the following questions concerning tax laws. a. What roles do the U. S. reputation and U. S. Congress play in creating the tax law? b. What does the common body of tax law (CBOTL) consist of? Briefly explain how a tax note becomes a tax law. c. What role does the Internal Revenue Service play in interpreting, and providing guidance on, the tax law? What types of tax law guidance are published by the IRS? (Points 18)

Love Theme in Pride and Prejudice Essay

Love is the conquering theme in Pride and Prejudice. The do it history between Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy gives rise to the theme that make do can conquer over pride, prejudice, and even social hierarchies. Jane Austen uses the novel in order to propose that received love is precious and can conquer all things. Initially, Austen develops the theme by having love conquer Mr. Darcys pride. Mr. Darcy is at offset cold and uninterested in the poor, socially inferior Ms. Bennet. He says, She is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me (Austen 31). He scorns the ball at Meryton, and says its a waste of his date (Austen 32). Mr. Darcys affections though begin to change after Elizabeth comes to Netherfield Park in order to take care of her sister, Jane.The narrator states at this time, He really believed, that were it not for the inferiority of her connections, he should be in some danger (Austen 159). Mr. Darcy, surprisingly though, extends an offer of marriage t o Elizabeth He just proposes with the constant mention of how he is of higher(prenominal) standing, in so many ways, and how that this match is against his better judgment. Even while humbling himself to the point of asking a middle class woman to follow him, pride still exudes from his mouth. Ms. Bennet, needless to say, declines. This spurning of his proposal humbles him to the point where he once again asks for her hand, and this time humbly.Austen shows love and affection subduing the proud Mr. Darcy humbling him to the point where he would happily marry a middle class girl of greatly inferior social standing, reputation, and wealth. Secondly, Jane Austen shows love conquering over Elizabeths prejudice. For the entire first half of the book, Elizabeth loathes Darcy and his social class. She finds him and his class snobbish, pretentious, and prideful. Elizabeth unrightfully believes rumors about him coming from the untruthful Wickham, and does not let Darcy defend himself against them. Elizabeths prejudice starts to subside though after Darcys marriage proposal and she gradually starts to trust and admire him, especially after Mr. Darcys servant Mrs. Reynoldss speaks so kindly of him (Austen 755).Elizabeth Bennets love forDarcy grew greatly the more knowledge she gained about him, which coincidentally destroyed Elizabeths prejudice. Lastly, Elizabeth and Darcy break down huge social barriers in their marriage. This is seen in no greater of a way than in the confrontation between Elizabeth and Lady Catherine de Bourgh. The old lady cannot stand the fact that her well-groomed nephew wants to marry a poor pauper girl. She warns Elizabeth that if she were to marry Darcy that he would soon become the contempt of the world (Austen 1108).And not only does Mr. Darcys class object to the pairing, but Elizabeths own mother and father do not think it is possible that their daughter to marry that high into the social order (Austen 1173). The only reason this couple wou ld have gotten together is love, and Austen is showing that love can overcome societal barriers. In conclusion, Jane Austen used the characters of Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet, to show that true love outshines social acceptability, and overcomes pride and prejudice.

The Competitive Advantage of Nations

WHAT IS THE DIAMOND poser? DESCRIPTION The Diamond Model of Michael usher for the competitive advantage of Nations offers a model that rouse help understand the comparative position of a nation in global competition. The model can also be utilize for major geographic regions. TRADITIONAL COUNTRY ADVANTAGES Traditionally, economic theory mentions the following factors for comparative advantage for regions or countries 1. Land 2. Location 3. Natural resources (minerals, energy) 4. Labor, and 5.Local universe size. Because these 5 factors can hardly be influenced, this fits in a rather passive (inherited) view regarding national economic opportunity. CLUSTERS porters beer says that sustained industrial increment has hardly ever been built on above mentioned basic inherited factors. Abundance of such factors may actually undermine competitive advantage He introduces a concept called clusters or groups of interconnected firms, suppliers, related industries, and institutions, that ar ise in certain locations.These clusters are geographic concentrations of interconnected companies, change suppliers, service providers, and associated institutions in a particular field. They grow on locations where enough resources and competences amass and reach a critical threshold, giving it a key position in a devoted economic branch of activity, with a decisive sustainable competitive advantage over others places, or level(p) a world supremacy in that field. Porter says clusters can influence competition in three ways They can increase the productivity of the companies in the cluster. They can drive innovation in the field. They can stimulate new businesses in the field. Some well-known examples of Clusters are USA/Silicon Valley (computers), Netherlands/Rotterdam (logistics), India/Bangalore (software outsourcing), USA/Hollywood (movies), France/Paris (fashion). According to Porter, as a rule competitive advantage of nations is the outcome of 4 interlinked advanced factor s and activities in and between companies in these clusters. These can be influenced in a pro-active way by government. INTERLINKED ADVANCED FACTORS FOR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE 1.The Strategy, Structure and Rivalry of Firms. The world is dominated by dynamic conditions. Direct competition impels firms to work for increases in productivity and innovation. 2. bespeak Conditions. If the customers in an economy are very demanding, the pressure facing firms to constantly improve their competitiveness via innovative products, through high quality, etc, will be greater. 3. related Supporting Industries. Spatial proximity of upstream or downstream industries facilitates the exchange of information and promotes a continuous exchange of ideas and innovations. 4. Factor Conditions.Contrary to conventional wisdom, Porter argues that the key factors of production (or specialized factors) are created, not inherited. Specialized factors of production are skilled labor, capital and infrastructure. N on-key factors or general use factors, such as unskilled labor and raw materials, can be obtained by any company and, hence, do not generate sustained competitive advantage. However, specialized factors inculpate heavy, sustained investment. They are more difficult to duplicate. This creates a competitive advantage, because if other firms cannot easily duplicate these factors, they are valuable.THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN THE DIAMOND MODEL OF PORTER The role of government in the Diamond Model of Porter is to act as a catalyst and challenger it is to encourage or even push companies to raise their aspirations and move to higher levels of competitive performance. They must encourage companies to raise their performance, to stimulate early demand for advanced products, to focus on specialized factor creation and to stimulate local rivalry by limiting direct cooperation and enforcing anti-trust regulations. THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF NATIONSPorter introduced this model in his book Th e combative Advantage of Nations, after having done research in ten leading trading nations. The book was the first theory of competitiveness based on the causes of the productivity with which companies compete. Instead of traditional comparative advantages such as natural resources and pools of labor. This book should be considered obligatory reading for government economic strategists. It is also highly recommended for collective strategists that are interested in the macro-economic environment of corporations.

Strategy and Serendipity: A Billion †Dollar Bonanza management case study

Mini Case 2 Strategy and Serendipity A cardinal Dollar Bonanza Key Issue / Problem Serendipity on how two modern drugs were discovered. Realising a strategy turnout from a serendipity.Analysis Researcher develop a new drug for the heart disease, as the drug were a curative for MED, the manager in Pfizer strategise this and tie a this accidental results to into a blockbuster drug.Alternatives reinvigorated planning of changing a trouble of a research into an option of curing another disease.Key decision to make Although a drug discovered to lot drug disease became a failure, and turn out to solve MED problem, thus a new strategy to utilise it have to be made Capabilities An unintended strategy, which were to cure the heart disease, turn out as s serendipity of curing a another dysfunction, and able to generate income of $3 billion dollar per year. decision Criteria The strategy of the unintended plan turn out to be a huge sum of turnover. Stakeholders The investors, r esearchers, patients.Resources The managers of Pfizer, reseachers, Implementation plan To always have a ersatz for a strategy which is still under testing. Vision / Mission / Objectives To create a drug to vote down heart disease To overcome a mistake, and make a seredipity out of it.Assumption The smart team on how they able to strategise the need to the new drug for the MED and generate cash flow stream out of it. discussion QuestionQuestion 1Serendipity is random from my point of view. Occurrence of this is not predicted or there might be not any proven statistic of the occurrence figure. Serendipity means a felicitous accident or pleasant surprise a fortunate mistake. Specifically, the accident of finding something good or useful while not specifically inquiring for it.Question 2Strategic initiative is any activity a pursues to explore and develop a new product and process into new markets. In this case, it has been said to be an unrealized strategy for both sildenaf il citrate and Cialis. The management initiated their new venture into a drug to overcome a heart disease, and it turn to be a cure for ME, where they have the same market, which is the medical drug supply, but for a diametrical purpose. With its huge demand around the globe, these occurrences have become a serendipity for them.Question 3The model that explains Viagra/Cialis story is scenario planning. In this model, the managers envisions different what if scenario. In the analysis stage, they will be able to brainstorm and identify the possible future scenarios to anticipate plausible futures. This is what shows in the case study above, as the turnout from a strategy of marketing a heart disease drug was a failure, they turned it into a alternative for MED cure disease. The serendipity there is because the drug was able to use for MED. IF, the drug was a failure, then they have must have already planned or strategize something to overcome the losses.Question 4No, the story of Via gra/Cialis will not inspire me to design a strategic management process. I will not be hoping for serendipity happens if my strategy fails, and the utilising the failure as an alternative. I will only plan for a strategy which is practical on that moment and prepare for possible future scenario using different simulations. If something happens as this case, then I would use this opportunity to make use of it and cover the loss for my failure, in a simple way saying it to outfox my position.

Introduction to Working with Children Essay

E1 Describe three variant types of setting which provide care and precept for baberen in your area. This mustiness include one example from the list statutory sector, voluntary sector and private sector.The statutory sector involves all the organisations that are set up, controlled and funded by the government activity or topical anesthetic authority for example St. Anthonys Catholic Primary School. This type of sector is funded by people who pay tax or issue insurance. Another type of setting which provides care and education for pip-squeakren in my area is sure start childrens centre. This is a voluntary sector and they are lapse by organizations. This type of sector is not designed to make a profit. Money for voluntary organisations comes from a variety of sources that include donations, fund-raising, grants from central or local government, lottery grants and fees for the services they provide. (Thornes 2008 pg4) The private sector is owned by an individual or company and aim to make a profit which people result pay for their child to attend such as Burnham Montessori School.E2 Describe how each of the types of settings indented in E1 aims to support children and their families.St. Anthonys Catholic Primary School is a statutory sector that aims to support children and their families by involving parents fully in their childrens learning. They also support children and their families by providing them a safe positive environment. Every child is empower to 15 hours a week of free education and they must follow the Early Years Foundation Stage curriculum in their day intention and etc to support children and their families.Sure start is a voluntary sector that aims to support children and their families in many different ways. The first way they aim support children and their families is by providing good quality tour, learning and childcare. The second way is by giving support for children and parents with special unavoidablenesss. (Thornes 2008 pg9)Burnham Montessori School is a private sector that aims to support childrenand their families by giving them registered care facilities which offer full or part time care for children. They also support them by offering them good quality play where they can learn from it. Another thing they do to support children and their families is by offering 15 hours a week of education which is delivered by the early twelvemonths foundation for 36 weeks a year. It also provides a solid routine with long and flexible hours.E3 Describe the main legislation in your rude that supports the estimables of children.E4 Describe the recognised principles and appreciates that underpin loping with children.When clobbering with children it is important to recognise the principles and values that underpin and guide professional standards and good practice. The cash statement of value states that equal opportunities booster to respect the child individually. It would therefore be important to val ue and respect the children you work with as I have seen the fill do in my work placement. It also states that health and safety should be having safety from crime and anti-social behaviour in and out childcare settings. This happens in my work placement by having policies and procedures that insure children stay safe. The cash statement of values states that partnership with parents respecting parents and other cares. Admissions policy respecting all children and giving them their rights at the setting. The stuff leave carry this out in my work placement by taking all their view and opinions into account throughout the day.E5 Explain the importance of valuing and respecting all children in the setting.E7 Describe how study skills can support your learning during your training.Recognizing my own study skills is a way that can help support my learning during my training. This go forth help me to complete my training successfully because I can put what I have learnt into practice. In order for me tocomplete my training, I will need to set my time effectively and be organized. By doing this I will then be able to carry on the rest of my learning during the training. I will therefore use my listening skills and any other skills that I have learnt, into practice at work placement and apply them throughout the day activities. I can then also reflect on them and take on board and act upon the feedback from my assignments and non-assessed and assessed work, to ensure that the strategies are really helping me to succeed in my training.D1 Explain why the practitioner should develop and maintain impound relationships with parents and other professionals.Practitioners should develop and maintain an appropriate relationship with parents and other professionals. It is important to build a relationship with parents an easy way to do this is to make sure you have good communication with them. For example make sure that you talk to them in the appropriate language such as using manners. Other ways that you can build relationships with parents are that you would have regular ghost with them for the best interests of the child. It is also important when building a relationship with parents that you understand what they think is best for the child.For example if the parents wanted the child to sit at a table all day and do work. It is also as important to build a relationship with the children in order to be able to work well with the children in the setting. For example if a child is not line uping well at nursery you would know in their best interest that they whitethorn want to be left alone. The last and also important relationship they should have is with colleagues to work well with them to ensure the needs and safety of a child are put first and it would be easier for this to happen if there is a relationship.D2 Discuss the characteristics of working in a multi-agency police squad.There are many different services that work in a multi-agency team such as social services. They all have many characteristics that allow and help them to work with children and their families. adept characteristic that helps and allows them to work with children and their families is cooperation becauseit makes everyone in the setting chance needed and engaged by working together. Every person involved in the multi-agency team should feel belonged and this is a characteristic as it will make sharing information and problems easier. Having good listening skills will also help and make everyone in the team feel respected and valued that their point is being heard.C Explain why the early years practitioner should listen to childrens views and value their opinions.It is important to listen to childrens views and value their opinion. This is because it builds on the childs self-esteem and well-being. They should be listened to by valuing their needs and accepting that every child has the right to be heard. The emotions and opinions that a child expresses during play can guide practitioners to identify their likes, dislikes and activity preferences. This will then help the practitioner to plan and implement activities of varied interests and learning needs. It will also make the child feel a sense of belonging in the setting. Hannah Mortimer, 2000, author of various early years books and education psychologist believed that young children should be having a say and be included in decisions making when planning and the practitioner can ensure the children have equal opportunities and feel involved in their daily routine.B Explain why it is important that practitioners understand the limits and boundaries of their role when working with children.Children are very sensitive and easily influenced. Practitioners need to know their boundaries so that their actions are not misconstrued as inappropriate. Having these limits will allow children and practitioners to know what the rules are or the expectations. The boundaries give th e children and practitioners the freedom they have to work in spite of appearance any limits. When allowing a child to have freedom within the boundaries, they can then learn to choose for themselves and have the consequences. Practitioners teaching and giving the children opportunities to make choices in early life, and allowing them to make mistakes along the way will be helping themdevelop into adult life.A Reflex on the importance of child centred shape up in early years settings.I used a child centred approach to teach the child about the number 6. She likes to play with Peppa Pig, so I had 6 pictures of Peppa Pig on the paper and made her count them. When she was counting the 6 pictures of Peppa Pig she was able to count all of them and repeat the number after(prenominal) me. This theory and research shows the idea of using children current ability to support more advanced skills where the child follows the adult. In my current setting practitioners have a child centred app roach many different ways. One way I have seen this happen is when staff see children interested in certain things or activities and they then plan around these interest for next weeks work and activities in the setting.Another way practitioners do this is by doing an observation on a child and learning about them to meet their needs through various task or activities. This show that in my setting practitioners work well with the children and help break the quality of every child interest and needs in the setting to the principles of a child-centred approach. In placement I also saw a son was pretending to put sack ups out with a hose, the practitioner helped him make. Within a few minutes I had helped him set up a load of chairs (a fire engine) and set up a phone on a chair for them to receive emergency calls. By listening to his interests and observing them I was able to debase what may have lasted a few minutes into half an hours child initiated play.Reference* Beaver. M, et a l (2008) Childcare and education Cache level 3 Cheltenham Nelson Thorns * jacinth .M, et al (1998) A practical guide to equal opportunities Cheltenham Stanley Thornes * www.workingwithkids.co.uk/childrens-act.html 12th October 2011 * http//www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky 14th October 2011Bibliography* Hannah Mortimer, 2000, author of various early years books and education psychologist

Cox’s Container Company (CCC) Essay

In the modern constant swaps business environment, ph starr needs to change constantly to remain competitive in the market. If not, the guild exit be facing survival risk. There atomic number 18 no mercy and exception for follows Container Company ( 300). three hundred set about increasing competitions over the past 5 years and profits are in declining trends referable to reduce in margins. Harold Cox was clueless on how to rectify the chores. He has delegated the task to Erica Wilson to review three hundreds operations and oversee establishment changes. Under her control and management, unseasoned important administration department was make to implement budgeting system and company-wide information system. First time in the history of CCC, Wilson recruited impertinent appointees to hold managerial post in the new central administration department. However, no one seemed very keen on the new system and encountered immobile resistance from Abdul Aziz, manager of mat hematical product department who incharged 2/3 of CCCs total staffs. After so many years since CCC was established, Harold Cox had done not much changes to CCCs construction and farming.CCC still practicing simple structure with flat hierarchy and decision-making is highly centralized in the hand of the Cox family. This exclusivelyows Cox to perish the operations flexibly, direct communication to avoid message being misinterpreted and prostitutely manipulated, wide span of control as all managers reporting to him and expedites the decision-making process with push through going through layers of people. However, simple structure is more(prenominal) capable for start-up or small firms for flexibility, control early growth and developments whereas centralization discourage innovation and no creativity. As CCC grows larger in size, it as well more difficult for Cox to control and coordinate them effectively. According to commonplace Sir Iain Hamilton once said No one brain ca ns effectively control more than 6 or 7 other brains. Moreover, when information and data are overloaded, he may not has sufficient times to handle and analyze to make full use out of it.Culture and control of CCC is origin culture and traditional authority.With Harold, there are addition of charismatic authority install on his clogs to ethnic minorities. Power culture (Handy, 1993) depends on a central power source, few rules, informal system and decision are found on a balance of power rather than logic whereas traditional authority are the ability and right to rule is being passed d experience, i.e. CCC being passed d sustain to Cox family member. Similarity of those are being very unfree to a single person and capability of that person are very much to de endpointine the direction and successfulness of the company. In the history, many of the family businesses that stagnated and were eventually annexed in Britain after(prenominal) the Second World War were power cultures that had die in the centre. Hence, CCC might has going concern issues if successor of Harold is not as good as him and not supportive towards ethnic minorities.Besides retirement of Harold, majority of staffs in production department have worked for CCC for more than 10 years will have similar timing of retirement. This might be a risk of CCC facing shortage of production staffs in the future and affect productivity. intragroup promotions have advantages of saving in times and costs of induction program for new staffs, boost morale and motivate staffs to perform. But, all senior positions in the production department have been filled through promotion of shop floor employees with no proper evaluation on competency and professionalism will affect company performance. It is not only no new ideas being introduced, it might be challenges for them to adapt to new technologies and working practices, i.e. new system implemented by Erica. well-nigh importantly, senior manager are the per son that make decision on behalf of the company and the effect that decision outcomes have on the lives of all organisation members (Henry Mintzberg, 1989 cited in Huczynski and Buchanan, 2013).Another body politics to pay attention under Cox management will be informal group formed due to empowerment for each running(a) department as form of motivation to improve performance. As Aziz being the manager of production department and ethnic minorities relying much on Aziz to safeguard their interests and benefits. This dependent relationship created Aziz as transactional leader. A leader who treats relationships with followers in terms of an exchange, giving followers (ethnic minorities), what they want (safeguard their interest and benefits) in return for what the leader desires (Aziz had soft established his identity and enjoying autonomy within the production department) following prescribed tasks to pursue established goals. Indirectly, Aziz has the capability to influence his staffss behaviour and contribute to common need satisfaction.In the other hand, in the opinion of Aziz, there are informal group being formed under John husk to run the whole company on his own interest without knowing the complexities of production which was a formal group created consciously by management to carry out a specific task (implementing new system) and accomplish CCCs goal (improve CCCs operations). According to Homans (1951 cited in Huczynski and Buchanan, 2013), informal group formed according to their self-interest which may not work together to achieve the common goal. As Wilson was given the authority to make changes to CCCs operations. She has her own management style to run the whole process of changes. She is an autoratic leader by accomplished the task entirely on her own and conclusion drawn based on her own judgement with no consultation and input from anyone.Autocratic leadership will be good when time is short but leave out of creativity. She also moved CCCs structure towards mechanistic structure with standardization, many rules and little autonomy, i.e. budgeting system to replace the rather informal system and requires all departments to inform the central administration department twice daily basis of work in progress. Different structures give rise to different culture (Handy, 1993). Thus, culture also change from power culture to role culture. Role culture also emphasize on the importance of rules, procedures and its operation are driven by logic and rationality. Authority of CCC will be legitimate authority that based on formal and written rules. According to Weber (1947 cited in Huczynski and Buchanan, 2013), an organization based on legitimate authority would be more effecient than one based on either traditional or charismatic authority. This was because its continuitywas colligate to formal structure and the position with it, rather than to a particular person who might leave or die.Since Wilson is the sole decision mak er on what and which area ask for change to improve CCCs operations. She had conclusion drawn based on her own judgement and interpretation from her personal experience, expectation and touch sensation with no feedback obtained. Feedback will be important and enable for her to complete the horizon more holistic. According to John Mezias and William Starbuck (2003 cited in Huczynski and Buchanan, 2013), management perceptions are often wrong due to selection of information that fits their expectations and pay less attention to information that does not. Generally, group decision are better than individual decision. It will be more advisable to involve relevant CCCs staffs like Aziz contributing their diverse skills, knowledge and experience in production process for Wilson to commiserate the state of affairs clearly to make better decisions and more elections to solve problem faced by CCC. In addition, staffs particularly Aziz felt recognition and respect through participation, understand the decision better and wider acceptance of decision make by Wilson.Likewise, if CCCs staffs knew that Harold is more interested in finding issues that fit into causing declined in profits of CCC rather than finding out the facts with no further verification of the accuracy and basis of the report and conclusion drawn as Harold also unsure how to proceed. In addition, many people believe that making the right decision late is the same as making the wrong decision as Harold is anxious to improve the profitability of CCC. CCCs staffs will be demoralized and demotivited, then CCC is infected with destructive cynicism.Wilson also has not making known staffs on the needs, benefits and objectives of implementing the new systems. As no clear direction and understanding theneed of change, staffs were not very keen on the new system and the leg of new system would affect their current working practices. They might also felt that they are being push out of their comfortzone and found it stressful and frustrating to cope with the new system. As a result, readiness for change from staffs will be low and leads to high in resistance to change. With no support and collaboration from staffs these make implementation more difficult. Wilson has had making it worst with the survey was being conducted in some secrecy direction created negative cash dispenser in the company.The intention of Wilson to recruit John Straw, Eric Long and Simon Pedder to hold managerial post in the new central administration department is to have new blood to bring in innovation and creativity. With their experienced in previous company, they will be able to contribute an effective operational and cost controls for CCC. However, due to background and experience of them have no relevancy in manufacturing or production, it may not be convincing enough for staffs to trust and follow their instruction. later on encountered strong resistance from Aziz which has worked more than 10 years in production line and very defensive of production department has no issues on getting orders out on times and achieved zero defects. They may also have different culture and shared different values as other staffs. talk climate (Jack Gibb, 1961 cited in Huczynski and Buchanan, 2013) exercised by Cox and Wilson was one way and closed communication climate where information was withheld, no sharing of the finding of the survey, strategies and problem faced by CCC have make no awareness to staffs. Staffs might felts discrimination, distrust and doubtful on self worthiness after long function of contribution to CCC. Misunderstanding easily created between staffs and management might led to minimum staffs engagement andsupports to comply with changes implementation and making it more difficult and may not align with CCCs objectives. During the process of implementing the new system in CCC, there are no top management briefing conducted which is considered one of the best way to encourag e staff engagement especially it is from Cox as he is regarded highly within ethnic minorities. With his traditional and charismatic authority, he is able to influence staffs behavior and engagement to comply with the changes implementation. 5Once there are no effective communication internally within CCC and due to differentiation in culture, perception, politic and staffs legitimate interests. Conflict between staffs is inevitable as each attempts pursue its own objectives. A company needs conflicts as a positive forces for managers to think, critisicism for self refection and innovation for effective performance. However, if conflict do not handle properly between Aziz and Straw team under Wilson new management. As perception of Aziz towards implementation of formal system and tight reporting is form of threatenning theirs interest and change of structure also changes the balance of power and autonomy possed by Aziz. It will be turn out to be dysfunctional conflict and hinders co mpany performance as Aziz has the ability to influence behavior of 2/3 of CCCs total staffs on level of productivity. If failure in resolving the conflict, CCC will have survival issue in the long run due to deteriote of company performance.Hence, changes and continuing to change within internally is a must for CCC to survive in the long run to cope with complexity and be responsive to environment uncertainty. Do nothing will not be an alternative and choice for CCC. As globalisation and expansion of CCC, simple structure with flat hierachy and power culture may not be as responsive to opportunities and challenges in the long run.Second alternative will be remain with Wilsons coercive change strategy toimplement the change even though without support of Aziz. According to Doug Stace and Dexter Dunphy (2001, cited in Huczynski and Buchanan, 2013) , where organizational survival depends on rapid and strategic change and short of time, dictatorial transformation is appropriate. In the later or appropriate stage, Wilson may implement technology into producing containers using the techniques of mass production to standardised quality of products, elimination of waste and reduction costs which will go well with mechanistics structure. Mass production has characterics of boredom of repetitive of works and low morale led to high levels of absenteeism and complaints.The solution to boredom were tradingrotation and job enlargement in term of installation of machine, enhancement, integration and inspection.Third alternative of change management strategy will be the role of the change agent. This address will need involvement of top senior management who are credible and acceptable. In this case, Harold Cox will be the most appropriate and suitable person. He with his power and charismatic leadership, he is able to influence and motivate ethnic minorities to support and cooperate with him for fact finding and proceed with the changes make to CCCs operations. He may also appoint professional consultants to carry out the investigation or combination of both.The first alternative is not best-loved due to successfulness and survival of CCC very dependent on one person whereas third alternative also not the most preferent but still workable but will be time consuming. If involving external consultant then Harold needs to manage the external consultant of their own commercial interest as well as costing issues. As there are no correct way or one way solution, the most preferred will be the second alternative. The second alternative will be able to achieve the company objective and long term goal as explained above. For making the transitionalmore harmony and smooth, Wilson should be more sensitive on culture differences. She should educate staffs with training and practice point-blank two ways communication as well as get more participation and encourage more involvement of staffs in carrying out the survey and implementation. Besides implementing rew ards system will be able to motive staffs to performance and aligh with company to achieve common goal.According to Meaney and Wilson (2009 cited in Huczynski and Buchanan, 2013), the successful rate of intend change programmes is less than 40% and that estimate may be optimistic, and 2/3 fail to achieve their objectives (Gardini et al., 2001 cited in Huczynski and Buchanan, 2013). In order to meet companys objective and successful with change. Thefollowing plan of action is recommaned by John Kotter (2007 cited in Huczynski and Buchanan, 2013).1. Create urgencyWilson should inform all staffs on problem faced by CCC with evidence. Developed scenarios and consequences, if no full cooperations and supports from staffs.2. Form a powerful coalitionWilson should involved Aziz to form a coalition, for him to lead the change on his production department to achieve maximum results.3. A clear vision A clear vision of change must be highly-developed by Wilson with achievablestartegies and re alities plans to inspire all staffs to change, to align with companys goals.4. Effective communication Vision must be communicable and communicating in two way and openly, this can be done through compulsory training to ensure familiarity and responsive from staffs.5. Remove obstacle Harold and Wilson should have an honest duologue with Aziz to problemsolved resistance from him and seek for collaboration. If not, backup plan must be in-hand for Aziz leaving for change to be implemented successfully.6. Motivation and rewards Carry out change in stages to avoid unbearable failure. Once short term milestone has achieved, recognized and rewards those involved as motivation to more forwards.7. Assessment Periodic assessment needed to ascertain improvement, enhancement and amendment in placed to cope with changes from environment and market to achieve companys goal.8. No anchoring Even though tradition is a powerful force but management should walk their talk to ensure new changes and cu lture are planted. Making it happen and making stick.The above should pay off placed in sequence and staffs need time to adopt and familiarised with the new of structure and culture. Thus, Wilson should understand that changes can only be carried out in stages and not to rush in order to change effectively and efficiently.ReferencesHandy, Charles B. (1993) Understanding Organizations, Chapter 7 On the Cultures of Organization pp180-216. LondonPenguin.N. Anand and Richard L. Daft (2007) What is the Right Organization image?. Elsevier Inc.Nigel Bassett-Jones and Geoffrey C. Lloyd (2005) Does Herzbergs motivation theory havestaying power?. The Journey of Management Development.Dexter C. Dunphy, Doug A. Stace (1988) Transformational and Coercive Strategies forPlanned organizational Change Beyond the O.D. Model. Organization Studies.Andrzej A. Huczynski and David A. Buchanan (2013) Organizational Behaviour Eigth edition. Person Education Limited.

Course Project – Walt Disney

Walt Disney fellowship Adriana Arroyo Course Project ACCT 307 August 19, 2012 Professor Stuart doubting Thomas TABLE OF CONTENTS Fiscal year 2011 Annual Financial Report consolidated statements of income4 consolidated proportionality sheets5 consolidated statements of hard proportion flow come outs6 consolidated statements of sh atomic number 18holders equity7 Required Questions 1 What is the meat of attribute and equipment on the sense of equilibrium sheet for the deuce more or less new-made years? What is the amount of dis equivalenceagement expense?What amounts be on the hard cash flow statement for the to the highest degree recent year that relate to depreciation, gains and sales of stead and equipment, and purchases and sale of property of equipment? What amounts be permittedfor inclusion in the capitalized cost of property and equipment? 8 2 Looking at the footnote disclosures of the social club, what be the private components of property and equipmen t? For example, what ar the amounts for land, building, equipment, accumulated depreciation, and so frontward? How do companies beak for nonmonetary exchange and dispositions of property and equipment? 3 Does the gild have intangible additions? If so what ar the types of intangible summations (patent, copyrights, etc. ) and their amounts? What is the amount of amortization expense? What amounts on the more or less recent cash flow statement relate to the purchase and sale of intangible assets? How do intangible assets differ from property and equipment? What cost do we include in intangible assets? 9 4 Goes the confederation have good will? What atomic number 18 the footnote disclosures relating to goodwill and the related eruditeness? enjoy also outline the calculation of goodwill and how we bank note for differences mingled with fair foster and book rank of assets acquired. 10 5 What atomic number 18 the ac attach tos depreciation systems? What is the range of es timated useful lives used for depreciating their assets? Does the company use the same depreciation methods for monetary statements and tax returns? If not, enjoy exposit the methods used for tax purposes. 11 6 What are the companys footnote disclosures relating to impediment? P absorb also describe how to de terminal figureine if an worsening exists and how to calculate the impairment loss. 1 7 What are the amounts and descriptions for the companys new liabilities for the most recent year? Does the company have any depending on(p) liabilities? If yes, enjoy describe. What are the cardinal categories of contingent upon(p) liabilities and the treatment for separately type? Does the company have any subsequent events disclosed in their footnotes? If so, p consider describe them. 12 8 What are the amounts and descriptions for all of the companys long-term liabilities on their sense of balance sheet for the most recent two years? What is the affaire expense for the two most recent years?What amounts are include in the cash flow statements for proceeds from issuance of debt and re compensation of debt for the most recent year? For each(prenominal) note collectable discussed in the footnotes disclosures, what is the worry rate, totality amount borrowed, and maturity date? 12 9 Does the company have bonds payable? If so, what are the amounts? recreate also describe how bonds payable differ from notes payable and how to account for the issuance of bonds at par, at a bank force out, and at a premium. How is the discount and premium amortized? What is the impelling interest method? 14 10 Does the company have capital fills?If so, what are the amounts and terms of the claims? What are the four criteria for a lease to be considered a capital lease? What are the additional criteria for the lessor? What is the difference between a sales-type lease and a direct financial backing lease? 15 Bibliography 18 The Walt Disney accompany financial epitome details the finances of the company. The analysis includes a brief summary of the companys history and of the essence(p) financial tuition to determine the value of the company. Walt Disney Company was founded on October 16, 1923 by Walt and Roy Disney as Disney Bros. Studios which was then incorporated.Their headquarters are located in Burbank, California. Walt Disney Company has five business segments which are Media Networks, lay and Resorts, Studio frolic, Consumer Products, and interactional Media. These segments were created to support and enhance the original business model as a studio producing animated bloomers and full length films. Each segment adds new and additional paths to market that together ensure the company fulfills its mission. What is the amount of property and equipment on the balance sheet for the two most recent years? What is the amount of depreciation expense?What amounts are on the cash flow statement for the most recent year that relate to depreci ation, gains and sales of property and equipment, and purchases and sale of property of equipment? Parks, resorts, and some other property are tangible assets that are held by an entity for the use in production or supply of goods and services, for rental to others, or for administrative purposes which are anticipate to provide economic benefit for more than a year. Walt Disney Companys parks, resorts, and other property amount for the monetary year of 2011 was $35,515,000 with an accumulated depreciation of $19,572,000.This is an increase from 2010 where parks, resorts, and other property was $32,875,000 and the accumulated depreciation was $18,373,000. The Statement of Cash Flows provides information about a companys cash receipts and cash payments during an accounting period which shows how these cash flaws link the ending cash balance to the beginning balance shown on the companys statement of financial position. The depreciation and amortization for the fiscal year of 2011 w as $1,841,000. The gains on dispositions are $75,000 for 2011. Looking at the footnote disclosures of the company, what are the individual components of property and equipment?For example, what are the amounts for land, building, equipment, accumulated depreciation, and so forth? How do companies account for nonmonetary exchange and dispositions of property and equipment? According to the footnotes, the individual components of property are attractions, which are located in the Parks, Resorts, and Other Property, buildings and improvements, leasehold improvements, land improvements, and furniture, fixtures, and equipment. The cost for each of them for the past two years are as followed Name 2011 2010 Attractions, buildings, and improvements $17,662,000 $15,998,000 Leasehold improvements 650,000 644,000Furniture, fixtures, and equipment 13,746,000 12,575,000 Land improvements 3,727,000 3,658,000 Total $35,515,000 $32,875,000 The accumulated depreciation for 2011 was $19,572,000 where in 2010 it was $18,373,000. Does the company have intangible assets? If so what are the types of intangible assets (patent, copyrights, etc. ) and their amounts? What is the amount of amortization expense? What amounts on the most recent cash flow statement relate to the purchase and sale of intangible assets? How do intangible assets differ from property and equipment?What costs do we include in intangible assets? Walt Disney Company is required to block out goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets for damage on an annual basis. The Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Number 142 requires that goodwill is allocated to various reporting units. At the end of each fiscal year, the company performs an annual damage test for goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets which include FCC license and trademarks. Amortizable intangible assets are usually amortized victimization the flat line method and the useful life is up to forty years.The costs to period ically restore Walt Disneys intangible assets are expensed as incurred. The company also determined that there are currently no legal, competitive or economic factors that will materially limit the useful life of FCC licenses and trademark. The total amount of goodwill is $29,266,000. The goodwill and intangible assets by segment are as followed Name 2011 2010 Media Networks $17,421,000 $17,442,000 Parks and Resorts 172,000 171,000 Studio Entertainment 6,498,000 6,416,000 Consumer Products 3,715,000 3,699,000 Interactive Media 1,330,000 1,323,000Corporate 130,000 130,000 Total $29,266,000 $29,181,000 The net amortizable intangible assets total is $3,161,000. Intangible assets are assets that are not physical but intellectual property. For example, patents, trademarks, and copyrights are examples of intangible assets. It can be sort as either indefinite or definite depending on the specifics of the asset. However, property and equipment is a physical asset that is important to bus iness operations but cannot easily be liquidated. The value of this asset is depreciated over an estimated life.What are the footnote disclosures relating to goodwill and the related acquisition? Please also describe the calculation of goodwill and how we account for differences between fair value and book value of assets acquired. The footnote disclosures relating to goodwill are beneath Acquisitions. question Entertainment, Inc. , a character- ground entertainment company, is required to allocate the purchase price to tangible and identifiable intangible assets obtained and liabilities pretended based on their fair values. The excess of the purchase price over those fair values is save as goodwill.This reflects the value to Disney from leveraging Marvel intangible asset. The goodwill recorded as part of this acquisition is not amortizable for tax purposes. Goodwill can be reckon by using one of the three methods which are average simoleons method, super profits method, and c apitalization method. By using the average profit method, goodwill is calculated on the basis of the average profit of previous years. The formula is Goodwill = bonnie Profit x Number of years Purchase. The next method, super profits method, is a method which tries to throwaway the capital needed for earning a super profit.There are three steps to this method which are as followed 1 Normal kale = Capital Invested x Normal swan of Return / 100 2 Super Profits = Actual Profits Normal Profits 3 Goodwill = Super Profit x Number of Years Purchased The final method to calculate goodwill is capitalization method which is the whole value of the company is calculated by capitalization of the average or actual profits. The formula is Goodwill = Actual Profits / Normal Rate of Return x 100 (Study Test Time). What are the companys depreciation methods?What is the range of estimated useful lives used for depreciating their assets? Walt Disney Company uses the straight line method for depre ciation. According to Stock Analysis on Net, the estimated useful lives for attractions 25-40 years, buildings and improvements 20-40 years, leasehold improvements life of lease or asset life if less, land improvements 20-40 years, and furniture, fixtures, and equipment 3-25 years. What are the companys footnote disclosures relating to impairment? Please also describe how to determine if impairment exists and how to calculate the impairment loss.Walt Disney Company recorded $33 million for Studio Entertainment and $22 million for Interactive Media creating a total of $55 million in restricting and impairment charges during 2011 for compensation and amenities costs. While in 2010, they recorded $151 million for Studio Entertainment, $95 million for Media Networks, and impairment charges of $132 million generating a total of $270 million in restricting and impairment charges. What are the amounts and descriptions for the companys current liabilities for the most recent year?Does the c ompany have any contingent liabilities? If yes, please describe. What are the three categories of contingent liabilities and the treatment for each type? Does the company have any subsequent events disclosed in their footnotes? If so, please describe them. Walt Disneys current liabilities are the total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the financial period. The current liabilities are accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, current portion of borrowings, unearned royalties and other advances.The company is involved with legal proceedings and has accrued estimates of the probable and serious losses for the resolution of these claims. They are also certain thin outual arrangements that would require the company to make payments or provide funding if specific situations occur. On May 19, 2004, Celador International Ltd. , an associate of the television program Who Wants to be a Millionaire, filed a lawsuit against Walt Disne y Company and some of its branches, which included the American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. nd Buena purview Television, LLC, stated that Walt Disney Company did not pay the their share of the profits. On July 7, 2010, the jury announced their verdict for breaching the contract against certain branches of the Walt Disney Company and awarding $269. 4 for the plaintiff in damages. Walt Disney Company believed the jurys verdict is wrong and is trying to pursue an appeal. What are the amounts and descriptions for all of the companys long-term liabilities on their balance sheet for the most recent two years? What is the interest expense for the two most recent years?What amounts are included in the cash flow statements for proceeds from issuance of debt and repayment of debt for the most recent year? For each note payable discussed in the footnotes disclosures, what is the interest rate, total amount borrowed, and maturity date? In the section of Liabilities in the Balance Sheet provid es acknowledgmentors, investors, and analysts with information on companys resources and its sources of capital. It also provides information about the future earnings amount of a companys assets along with cash flows that whitethorn come from receivables and inventories.The long term liabilities are the total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that is expected to be repaid beyond one year or business cycle. Walt Disney Companys long term liabilities increased from 2010 to 2011. The total long term debt for 2011 was $12,454,000 and deferred income taxes were $3,150,000. For 2010, the total long term debt was $12,582,000 and deferred income taxes were $3,206,000. The income statement provides information on the financial results of the companys business activities over a period of time.It also communicates how much taxation the company generates during a period and what cost it has incurred that connects with generating that revenue. The interest expense for the fisc al year of 2011 was $343 million and for 2010 was $409 million. The amounts that are included in the cash flow statements for proceeds from issuance of debt and repayment of debt for the fiscal year of 2011 are commercial paper borrowings was $393 million, borrowings was $2,350 million, and reduction of borrowings was $1,096 million. Under Note 9 Borrowings, there is an outline for each of the notes ayables. commercialized paper debt slap-up, which is a short term unsecured promissory notes issued by companies, was at $1. 6 gazillion by October 1, 2011. In February 2011, the company agreed to another four-year $2. 25 billion bank facility with a group of leaders which will mature by 2013. At the end of the fiscal year, the company has a shelf registration statement which allows the Walt Disney Company to issue various types of debt, for example fixed or directionless rate notes, US dollar or foreign property, redeemable notes, global notes, and dual currency.Another note payabl e is U. S. mean(a) Term Note Program where the total debt outstanding was $8. 4 billion. The maturities of current outstanding borrowings rang between one to eight two years and the interest rate ranges from 0% to 7. 55%. European Medium Term Note Program is another note for the issuance of various types of debt that include fixed or floating rate notes, U. S. dollar or foreign currency denominated notes, redeemable notes, or dual currency notes. It matures in 2013 and has an interest rate of 1. 65%.Next, is Other Foreign Currency Denominated Debt where the company has a credit agreement in Canadian dollars which matures in 2013 and has an interest rate of 1. 42%. Lastly, Capital Cities/ABC Debt has an outstanding balance of $114 million, matures in 2021, and has an interest rate of 8. 75%. Does the company have bonds payable? If so, what are the amounts? Please also describe how bonds payable differ from notes payable and how to account for the issuance of bonds at par, at a disco unt, and at a premium. How is the discount and premium amortized?What is the effective interest method? Walt Disney Company issued corporate 30 year bonds in this fiscal year. These bonds are high quality long term and are price $600 million. A note payable is a written agreement between a lender and a borrower to pay stated sums of money at future dates, classified a current or non-current of the balance sheet date. Bonds payable are a long term liability account containing the face amount, par amount, or maturity amount of the bonds issued by a company that are outstanding as of the balance sheet date.If the coupon rate of a bond matches with the market rate of interest when the bonds are very sold to investors, then the bonds will sell at par value. Bonds are issued at a discount when the coupon interest rate is below the market interest rate which leads to the company receiving less cash than the face value of the bonds. A bond will trade at a premium when it offers a coupon ra te that is higher than current interest rates. When bonds are sold at a discount or premium, the interest rate is adjusted from the face rate to an effective that is close to the market rate when the bonds were issued.It is important to amortize the discount or premium bonds over the life of the bonds by using the straight line method which allocated a fixed portion of the bond discount or premium each interest period to adjust the interest payment to interest expense. When a bond is sold at a discount, the amount of the bond discount is amortized to interest expense over the life of the bond. According to Investopedia, the effective interest method is the practice of accounting for the discount at which a bond is sold as an interest expense to be amortized over the life of bond (Investopedia, 2012).In other words, the effective interest method is a technique for calculating the actual interest rate in a period based on the book value at the beginning of the accounting period. Does the company have capital leases? If so, what are the amounts and terms of the leases? What are the four criteria for a lease to be considered a capital lease? What are the additional criteria for the lessor? What is the difference between a sales-type lease and a direct financing lease? Walt Disney Company carries a capital lease obligations of $288 million in the fiscal year of 2011 and $224 million in the fiscal year of 2010.They have non-cancelable capital lease which is mainly for land and broadcast equipment. The future payments for the leases are as followed 2012 $70 2013 $59 2014 $51 2015 $60 2016 $27 Thereafter $519 Total minimum obligations $786Less amount representing interest ($480) Present value of net minimum obligations $306 Less current portion ($18) Long-term portion $288 (The Walt Disney Company, 2012)In post for a lease to be considered a capital lease the four criteria are 1 title of the asset passes automatically from the lessor to the lessee at the end of the l ease term, 2 lease contains a bargain purchase option under which the lessee may acquire the leased-asset at less than its fair market value of the end of the lease terms, 3 lease term is for a period longer than 75% of the estimated economic life of the asset, or 4 the present value of the lease payments is greater than 90% of the fair market value of the asset at the beginning of the lease term.The additional conditions for the lessor are 1 the collectability of minimum lease payments is assured and (2) no important uncertainties surround the amount of un-reimbursable costs yet to be incurred. Sales-type lease is a lease where a company rents its own assets that it needs to work its business. This lease is used when a manufacturer is leasing a property or the usage of property.Because the lessee receives the use of property in exchange for payments and assumes the liability for the asset, the lease looks like the purchase of an item. However, the lessor expects the lessee to retu rn the equipment or provide payment for its purchase when the expiration of the lease is up. On the other hand, direct financing lease is a lease agreement where the lessor obtains equipment for the purpose of leasing it and generating revenue through interest payments.The lessor is not a manufacturer or monger and the lessor purchases the property only for the purpose of leasing it. The main difference between sales-type leases and direct financing lease is the value of the lease in relation to the property. In a sales-type lease, the lessor records a profit or loss on a property based on the amount of payments received. On the contrary in the direct financing lease, the lessor only earns profit on the interest from sending out payment amounts.Today, Walt Disney Company operates under a new and reengineered model that has worked to increase revenues by creating and exploring original across their five business segments. The company is developed on tradition with a well-defined vi sion for the future and continues to distinguish itself among other companies. As the company moves forward, they have a solid financial profile which will provide the company constant financial flexibility. Bibliography Investopedia. (2012).Retrieved August 2012, from Effective Interest Method http//www. investopedia. com/terms/e/effective-interest-method. aspaxzz23eVWKTSl The Walt Disney Company. (2012, January). Retrieved August 2012, from Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Financial Report and Shareholder Letter http//cdn. media. ir. thewaltdisneycompany. com/2011/annual/WDC-10kwrap-2011. pdf Study Test Time. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 2012, from Methods of military rating of Goodwill http//www. studytesttime. com/about-goodwill/10-methods-of-valuation-of-goodwill

Mobile Technology in Learning Essay

Researchers be in a predicament about whether roving education should be introduced in higher cultivation institutions as a organize of educating students. Criticism of M- nurture embarrasss lack of suitable knowledge in victimisation busy devices, lack of evidence that M- learnedness working and skepticism about M- education. However various crude articles about M- skill address these criticism and strongly netherpin the habituate of M- study in higher learn institutions they include, Mobile learning as an evolution of E-learning, Clarification of wandering learning, Clarification of brisk learning and Mobile learning in higher education as a new educational animate beingness. A new form of learning should be adopted by teachers for social function with their students.Defining Mobile Educationeducational technology has generated new tools and approaches to learning in the classroom. One new concept that is relatively new in education is spry learning. Mobile lear ning lot be described as any learning that occurs when facilitated through a smooth device (Harrington et al., 2009). Examples of portable devices include lively phones, i-Touch or i-Pads, mp3 players, tablets, or portable computers. There atomic number 18 variant characteristics of meandering(a) devices that should be state in order to learn more about mobile learning. Mobile devices entertain become widely distributed and pervasive in our society that it has made an impact on obtaining knowledge. For instance, mobile devices hit begun the trend of learning by finding information at a specific time instead of obtaining information for eagle-eyed-run memory (Traxler, 2007). An example would be a fifth-grade student wanting to know who the second President of the unify States was.The fifth-grade student tail assembly subroutine an i-Touch to find the answer by trenchant the internet. time the fifth-grade student whitethorn forget that John Adams was the second Presi dent of the United States, he can use the tool as a modal value to obtain the answer at any given time. Another characteristic of the mobile device is that it can alter the nature of work (Traxler, 2007). Instead of showing to an orientation for jury duty, community can now watch the orientation on any mobile device as long as it has internet. This saves the time of having to sidetrackicipate in an earlier orientation and makes the work easier for the person. Lastly, mobile devices can emergence in new forms of knowledge as soundly as new ways of accessing it (Traxler, 2007). For example, instead of having to purchase a text editionbook for a college class, the student can download the eBook and use his eReader to read his book and regard at any location.Clarification of mobile learningThe research paper by El-Hussein, M. O. M. And Cronje, J. C. Seeks to clarify the meaning of mobile learning. The authors approach was to critically examine a selection of documents that relate to mobile learning. The authors argue that to comprehensively take and define mobile learning their outset should be formed and its key components separated and arranged under three different concepts A conceptualization of mobile learning, the first step of research gnarled exploring the wider setting of mobile learning. Mobile learning in higher education, the second step involved identifying the technology, learner (who atomic number 18 nomadic and able to interpret learning materials) and learning material as well as mobile technology such as portable devices. The third concept involves examining the mobility and dynamism of the learning process and the accrue of information.The authors definition of mobile learning is any type of learning that takes place in learning environments and spaces that take into account the mobility of learners, learning and technology. Research should be done to examine the implications of these devices for the design of breeding and learning. Mobile learning as an evolution of E-learning.The research paper by Grane et al claims that mobile learning can be termed as an evolution of E-learning. Research has been done on both M-learning and E-learning looking at how they have evolved and a comparison and contrast on the two has been drawn. Learning has always had a mobile character in it, and hence the authors seek to establish a difference between what is termed as mobile learning forthwith and what was regarded as mobile learning traditionally.The aim of the research is to identify context and interaction as universe essential to understand how mobile learning can be integrated to conventional education. The research involved introducing E-learning through mobile devices this was achieved by giving an iPad to 97 students. The students were to use these mobile devices as part of a traditional E-learning environment.To learn how the devices were utilise three approaches were used Pre/Post-test questionnaire, before the c ourse and after the course an online slew was used to collect data. A discussion forum, an interactive and dynamic forum was used as part of the study. The interview, an in-depth interview was carried out to obtain precise information of the students experiences use the mobile devices. The results luff that most students rely heavily on E-learning. Mobile devices were characterized as a useful tool for searching for information, their main advantage being location is of no importance.Evaluating Mobile EducationFollowing the widespread reception of mobile technologies in learning, it is paramount to evaluate mobile education to see if it does benefit teachers as well as students when it comes to learning. However, it is difficult to create a perfect evaluation because it depends on how we define a not bad(predicate) evaluation. Some guidelines that Traxler (2007), recommend are an efficient, ethical, and authentic. He believes the evaluation should access what learners really ex perience from using mobile devices. In addition, the evaluation should be economical in terms of cost and time. These guidelines can help melt more evaluations and studies on mobile devices in the future. While in that location are limited studies on this topic, we depart discuss what is known about mobile education in elementary school and higher education. If teachers are now surrounded with mobile devices and technology, why do some teachers not utilize these materials or opportunities? While some teachers refuse to acknowledge technology or refuse to change their teaching styles, other teachers have begun to discuss the use of technology.The problem is that teachers usually concentrate on teaching about the technologies to students instead of having the students use the technologies to learn with (Salomon, 1991). Therefore, the student never really learns how to utilize the technology first-hand. It can be related to teaching a child how to crusade a bicycle. You can lectur e a child about everything there is to know about a bicycle and how to ride it. However, the child will never learn how to ride a bicycle unless the child is given the opportunity to actually test the skills by riding a real bicycle. If not, the child certainly does not know how to ride a bicycle. One good way of understanding if a student can use mobile device is by analyzing a study of how the student is taught. The project was to implement mp3 players as cognitive tools to create a digital book of pictures and sounds for children (Herrington, et al., 2009).Students were asked to redeem a story in tiped for young children and use the technology on iPods to recreate a digital version of that story. Students were placed into groups where they learned about the iPod and used learned practical usages that would help when creating a digital story. Then each group was given an iPod along with other resources like a computer to stimulate the process of creating the digital story. The r esearchers interviewed the teacher to gain insight on certain questions. The teacher believed the students responded prescribedly to using iPods for the project. Overall, they enjoyed and had positive experiences using the iPod for creating the digital story.Even though teachers know iPods are too sophisticated for younger children, they gave several examples of how they would utilize an iPod to teach young children. Some examples included singing songs, listening to a taradiddle of a story, and recording children while they read. Overall, students learned a lot from this experience. Not only did they learn how to use an iPod but also utilized other software such as PowerPoint, Photoshop, and iMovie. Mobile learning in higher education as a new educational toolThe authors Mcconatha D, Praul M, and Lynch M decorate that mobile learning or M-learning as it has come to be known is a new tool in the academic store to assist students and teachers in the learning world. The authors as sess the challenges, possible methods and potential of using M-learning in a college classroom. The article further discusses an empirical evaluation on the effectiveness of M-learning in a college classroom.From the research carried out those students who used M-learning tool demonstrated higher levels of knowledge on the subject cover as compared to students who did not use the tool. This results support the notion that use of mobile learning makes a positive and significant difference in the outcome performance of students. The main obstacle of M-learning is that it heavily relies on students owning the obligatory hardware.Studies show evidence of different ways in which teachers utilize mobile devices for learning. At Osaka Jogakuin College, a college in Japan, first year students were given iPod for English class so students can download podcasts of English intelligence broadcasts (McCarty, 2005). These English language news broadcasts were portable for students and were used to complete homework assignments. It seemed beneficial for Japanese students since they can learn the English language and how English is spoken on a news broadcast. The use of mobile technologies to support learning in large campus university classesThe research paper by Oliver, R. seeks to show the advantages of using mobile and wireless technologies in large classes. The authors approach is technology facilitated learning technology is an affordable way of providing meaningful learning for learners and it generates appropriate learning support. The focus is on mobile learning and how it distinguishes itself from the conventional forms of E-learning. There being a growing number of devices that can be used for mobile learning, the authors aim is to show how these devices can provide opportunities to enhance learning.This research paper provides descriptions of applications of mobile technology that can be used to provide opportunities and reduce the limitations within large clas ses. Research should be done to examine how cultural changes can sham the integration of mobile technology in learning and the cultural issues that need to be addressed.Examples of Types of Learning that touch on DevicesMobile devices can be employed into E-learning through numerous ways. While different teachers have different styles and conceptions of teaching, they can also have diverse ways of utilizing mobile devices. Mobile devices can be used in education to support the transmission and delivery of strong multimedia material (Traxler, 2007). A teacher can post a video for the students to watch on their own time for homework on their mobile device. Other teachers may use mobile devices as a way of discussion via text or possibly real-time dialogue. Web 2.0 has also been used to improve learning. For example, students may text their reaction and opinion to an online article that the teacher chose for discussion. The type of learning a teacher uses can also have an impact on h ow the teacher uses the mobile device in the classroom. Personalized learning is defined as learning that acknowledges diversity, difference and individuality (Traxler, 2007).These different learning styles and approaches implement social, cultural, and diverse aspects into learning. A teacher may implement a language program like Roseta Stone for teaching Spanish in the classroom. By installing the program to the mobile device, each student has access to the activities and lessons related to learning Spanish. Situated learning is another type of learning that can utilize mobile devices. Another learning style, authentic learning, involves learning real-life problems and everyday scenarios that occur today (Traxler, 2007). A good example would be using authentic learning in a nursing class. Students would be participating in an activity that would simulate a role-playing scenario.With technology, some mobile devices may already have role-playing applications where nursing students c an practice giving a virgule or taking blood out of a patient. Something as sophisticated as this would be a great learning tool for nursing students. In conclusion, technology affects our lives in more than one way. expert advancement is known to conduce in changes that maybe positive or negative, but many are the times that technology has resulted in positive change. As illustrated in this paper the adoption of M-learning is set to bring in positive change in the delivery of education.Either from the various researches that have been carried out, those who adopt M learning have performed better or had an easy time teaching or learning. The negativity surround mobile learning has been brought about by the lack of appropriate knowledge concerning the benefits of mobile learning. Education on the benefits of mobile learning is highly recommended as majority of those opposed to mobile learning lack proper information and are still tied down to their traditional knowledge of mobile learning. Mobile learning in institutions of higher learning is highly recommended as it is a cheaper way of providing education for large classes and the students tend to understand more easily where M-learning is employed.ReferencesEl-Hussein, M. O. M. & Cronje, J. C. (2010). Defining mobile learning in the highereducation landscape. Educational technology and society, 13(3), 12-21.Grane, M., Olmedo, K., Crescenzi, L., & Suarez, R. (2010). Using mobile devices in E-learning programs.Herrington, J., Herrington, A., Mantei, A., Olney, I.W., & Ferry, B. (2009). New technologies, new pedagogies Mobile learning in higher education. Faculty of Education, University of Wollongong.McCarty, S. (2005) Spoken Internet to Go Popularization through Podcasting.Jalt Call Journal, 1(2) 67-74.Mcconatha, D., Praul, M., & Lynch, M. (2008). Mobile learning in higher education anempirical assessment of a new educational tool. The Turkish online diary ofeducational technology, 7(3).Salomon, G. (1991). Partners in cognition Extending human intelligence with intelligent technologies. Educational Researcher, 20(3), 2-9. Traxler, J. (2007). Current state of mobile learning. International Review on Research in Open and Distance Learning, 8(2).Oliver, R. (2007).Using mobile technologies to support learning in large campus universityclasses. In ICT providing choices for learners and learning Proceedings ofASCILITE Singapore. 788-798. Retrieved December 1, 2012 from Research Online

Effects of Mass Media Essay

Media has slowly registern over distributively Americas life and has an incredible amount of power in the decision process of for each one American. On a casual basis each American listens to the radio, surfs the internet and instructes television. For these same reasons, media possess a large amount influence on a decision made by an American. With all(prenominal) the tools and gadgets today, it is very easy to become influenced by the media. Over the past century there keep up been many another(prenominal) revolutionary media developments that choose impacted our society although there have been many, the ones we pull up stakes focus on are radio, television, and the internet. communicate began in the early nineteen hundreds and soon became very popular between any American. The radio was a mean of learning of news quickly and served the great purpose of entertainment. Also, in the early nineteen hundreds the account book television was introduced and the first moving film was televised. This quickly grew and it began to broadcast in black and white.In the heart and soul of the nineteen hundreds, the internet was first introduced to the American government and soon was pulmonary tuberculosisd to provide efficient communicating between government agencies. The radio, television and the internet were all created in the nineteen hundreds and as soon as they were available to the American public, they grew and developed into a large form of communication. In 1912 the radio became a prevalent product found in each American home. Every year after, the radio grew in popularity. ace of the biggest impacts to America was the use of the radio during the World War I. In the late nineteen-twenties the first easy to use kinescope tube was created but the image was very poor. In the early nineteen-thirties the first television studios and publicize begin to happen and it sky rocketed after that. It has grown so much into American lives that now every hou sehold has more than one television. Americans see television for entertainment, education and news purposes on a everyday basis.In the early nineteen-ninety the first internet browser was created. The internet has impacted Americans in so many ways, to the point that it is now used more than once by every American and it is carried by roughly in their pockets. Without question, the media has grown tremendously and impacts each Americas life on a daily basis. Media convergences have been a huge facilitator. Media convergence is the way that one devise or tool combines disparate media types. One of the most common is the cell phones. In almost every phone you can take photos, videos, send text messages, view the internet, play music, check email and use it for its original designed function-to fixate a phone call. The next commonly used media convergence is the computer. The computer allows you to create different types of documents, presentations, financial forms and it also al lows you to browse the World Wide Web while listening to music and receiving emails.The newest media convergence is tablets. Tablets have the same function of a cell phone and a computer in a compact, lightweight, and takeout device. For all the above reasons and with all of the named tools, it is very important to be properly educated about media. instruction how to admission, analyze, and evaluate the media is very important when making an everyday decision because we either read something on the internet, watch the television show or hear a commercialized on the radio. Not everything that we read, see or hear is accurate. In most cases, we are tricked into believing things by the bias show or commercial that we are watching or hearing. Due to false or head fakes found in the media all schools and educational institutes should provide some form of media literacy education just like math, reading and writing.This may expect a basic or common sense information, but many believe without questions what they see or hear. As the great nation that the United States is, it should properly educate its citizens about media literacy. The internet, television and radio have definitely impacted every Americans life. With the tools like a computer, cell phone or tablet it is very easy to be influenced by the media. Some of the influence coincides with each individuals beliefs and other will clash but this is something that has to be learned how to balance. In addition to personal emotion believes on a subject, a lot of the media will try to trick into believing false statements. It is every Americas duty to make sure that he or she has the proper media knowledge to be able to access it, analyze it and evaluate it before making a decision.ReferencesLule, J. (2012). Exploring Media and Culture (1st ed.). San Francisco, CA Flat World Knowledge, Inc. Besley, fanny C. (Summer 2008). Media Use and Human Values Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly ProQuest Zil, Karen . (Mar/Apr 2002). Media Literacy Television meets the Internet multimedia system Schools